Chex_Vanilla.jpg' alt='High Fructose Corn Syrup' title='High Fructose Corn Syrup' />High fructose corn syrup Wikipedia. Structural formulae of fructose left and glucose rightHigh fructose corn syrup HFCS also called glucose fructose, isoglucose and glucose fructose syrup12 is a sweetener made from corn starch that has been processed by glucose isomerase to convert some of its glucose into fructose. HFCS was first marketed in the early 1. Clinton Corn Processing Company, together with the Japanese Agency of Industrial Science and Technology where the enzyme was discovered in 1. As a sweetener, HFCS is often compared to granulated sugar, but manufacturing advantages of HFCS over sugar include that it is easier to handle and more cost effective. The United States Food and Drug Administration has determined that HFCS is a safe ingredient for food and beverage manufacturing. There is debate over whether HFCS presents greater health risks than other sweeteners. Uses and exports of HFCS from American producers have continued to grow during the early 2. Apart from comparisons between HFCS and table sugar, there is some evidence that the overconsumption of added sugar in any form, including HFCS, is a major health problem, especially for onset of obesity. Consuming added sugars, particularly as sweetened soft drinks, is strongly linked to weight gain. The World Health Organization has recommended that people limit their consumption of added sugars to 1. United States is nearly twice that level. In the U. S., HFCS is among the sweeteners that mostly replaced sucrose table sugar in the food industry. Factors in the rise of HCFS use include production quotas of domestic sugar, import tariff on foreign sugar, and subsidies of U. FDA receives many inquiries and comments from the public about the chemistry of high fructose corn syrup HFCS in relation to other sweeteners such as. S. corn, raising the price of sucrose and lowering that of HFCS, making it cheapest for many sweetener applications. The relative sweetness of HFCS 5. HFCS andor standard corn syrup is the primary ingredient in most brands of commercial pancake syrup, as a less expensive substitute for maple syrup. Because of its similar sugar profile and lower price, HFCS has been used illegally to stretch honey. Assays to detect adulteration with HFCS use differential scanning calorimetry and other advanced testing methods. Consuming too much HFCS can have damaging effects on your health. Learn more about the five most common high fructose corn syrup dangers. Too much added sugar, including highfructose corn syrup, can affect your health. Southern Potato Salad here. High fructose corn syrup HFCS, a sweetener made from corn, comes in two primary compositionsHFCS42 and HFCS55. This means it is composed of either 42 percent. ProductioneditProcesseditIn the contemporary process, corn is milled to extract corn starch and an acid enzyme process is used, in which the corn starch solution is acidified to begin breaking up the existing carbohydrates. It is necessary to carry out the extraction process in the presence of mercuric chloride 0. M in order to inhibit endogenous starch degrading enzymes. High temperature enzymes are added to further metabolize the starch and convert the resulting sugars to fructose. The first enzyme added is alpha amylase, which breaks the long chains down into shorter sugar chains oligosaccharides. Glucoamylase is mixed in and converts them to glucose the resulting solution is filtered to remove protein, then using activated carbon, and then demineralized using ion exchange resins. The purified solution is then run over immobilized xylose isomerase, which turns the sugars to 5. HFCS 4. 2, and again demineralized and again purified using activated carbon. Some is processed into HFCS 9. HFCS 4. 2 to form HFCS 5. The enzymes used in the process are made by microbial fermentation. Composition and varietieseditHFCS is 2. There are several varieties of HFCS, numbered by the percentage of fructose they contain HFCS 4. HFCS 5. 5 is mostly used in soft drinks. HFCS 6. 5 is used in soft drinks dispensed by Coca Cola Freestyle machines. HFCS 9. 0 has some niche uses 2. HFCS 4. 2 to make HFCS 5. HistoryeditCommercial production of corn syrup began in 1. In the late 1. 95. Clinton Corn Processing Company of Clinton, Iowa tried to turn glucose from corn starch into fructose, but the process was not scalable. In 1. 96. 51. 97. Yoshiyuki Takasaki, at the Japanese National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST developed a heat stable xylose isomerase enzyme from yeast. In 1. 96. 7, the Clinton Corn Processing Company obtained an exclusive license to a manufacture glucose isomerase derived from Streptomyces bacteria and began shipping an early version of HFCS in February 1. In 1. 98. 3, the FDA approved HFCS as Generally Recognized as Safe GRAS, and that decision was reaffirmed in 1. Prior to the development of the worldwide sugar industry, dietary fructose was limited to only a few items. Milk, meats, and most vegetables, the staples of many early diets, have no fructose, and only 51. Most traditional dried fruits, however, contain about 5. From 1. 97. 0 to 2. U. S. 2. 6 After being classified as generally recognized as safe GRAS by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in 1. HFCS began to replace sucrose as the main sweetener of soft drinks in the United States. At the same time, rates of obesity rose. That correlation, in combination with laboratory research and epidemiological studies that suggested a link between consuming large amounts of fructose and changes to various proxy health measures, including elevated blood triglycerides, size and type of low density lipoproteins, uric acid levels, and weight, raised concerns about health effects of HFCS itself. United Statesedit. Consumption of sugar and corn based sweeteners in the United States from 1. In the U. S., sugar tariffs and quotas keep imported sugar at up to twice the global price since 1. HFCS, corn. Industrial users looking for cheaper replacements rapidly adopted HFCS in the 1. HFCS is easier to handle than granulated sucrose, although some sucrose is transported as solution. Unlike sucrose, HFCS cannot be hydrolyzed, but the free fructose in HFCS may produce hydroxymethylfurfural when stored at high temperatures these differences are most prominent in acidic beverages. Soft drink makers such as Coca Cola and Pepsi continue to use sugar in other nations but transitioned to HFCS for U. S. markets in 1. 98. Large corporations, such as Archer Daniels Midland, lobby for the continuation of government corn subsidies. Consumption of HFCS in the U. S. has declined since it peaked at 3. The average American consumed approximately 2. HFCS in 2. 01. 2,3. This decrease in domestic consumption of HFCS resulted in a push in exporting of the product. In 2. 01. 4, exports of HFCS were valued at 4. Mexico receiving about 7. In 2. 01. 0, the Corn Refiners Association petitioned the FDA to call HFCS corn sugar, but the petition was denied. European UnioneditIn the European Union EU, HFCS, known as isoglucose in sugar regime, is subject to a production quota. In 2. 00. 5, this quota was set at 3. EU produced an average of 1. In Japan, HFCS is manufactured mostly from imported U. S. corn, and the output is regulated by the government. For the period from 2. HFCS had a 2. 73. Japanese sweetener market. Health concerns have been raised about a relationship between HFCS and metabolic disorders, and with regard to manufacturing contaminants. In general, however, the United States Food and Drug Administration has declared HFCS as a safe ingredient in food manufacturing, and there is no evidence that retail HFCS products contain harmful compounds or cause diseases. NutritioneditHFCS is composed of 7. In a 1. 00 gram serving, it supplies 2. Calories, whereas in one tablespoon of 1. Calories table link. Obesity and metabolic disorderseditSugars became a health concern among the American public in the early 1. John Yudkins book, Pure, White and Deadly. The book claimed that simple sugars, an increasingly large part of the Western diet, were dangerous. In the 1. 98. 0s and 1. HFCS. 3 1. 83 1. In subsequent interviews, two of the studys authors stated the article was distorted to place emphasis solely on HFCS when the actual issue was the overconsumption of any type of sugar.