Barley Hordeum vulgare L., a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains. A hearty mix of mushrooms, barley and white beans make these pot pies just as delicious as more familiar chicken versions. Barley Wikipedia. Barley. Drawing of Barley. Scientific classification. Kingdom Plantaeunranked Angiospermsunranked Monocotsunranked Commelinid. Order Poales. Family Poaceae. Subfamily Pooideae. Tribe Triticeae. Genus Hordeum. Species H.  vulgare1Binomial name. Hordeum vulgare. L. Synonyms2List. Frumentum hordeum. E. H. L. Krause nom. Frumentum sativum. E. H. L. Krause. Hordeum aestivum. Barley Recipes How To Cook BarleyR. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum americanum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum bifarium. Roth. Hordeum brachyatherum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum caspicum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum coelesteL. P. Beauv. Hordeum daghestanicum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum defectoides. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum durum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum elongatum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum gymnodistichum. Duthie. Hordeum heterostychon. P. Beauv. Spelling variantHordeum hexastichon. L. Hordeum hibernaculum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum hibernans. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Barley Recipes With ChickenHordeum himalayense. Schult. Hordeum hirtiusculum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum horsfordianum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum ircutianum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Barley Recipes' title='Barley Recipes' />Hordeum jarenskianum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum juliae. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum kalugense. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum karzinianum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum kiarchanum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum laevipaleatum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum lapponicum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum leptostachys. Griff. Hordeum macrolepis. A. Braun. Hordeum mandshuricum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Mini Shepherd`S Pie. Hordeum mandshuroides. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum michalkowii. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum nekludowii. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum nigrum. Willd. Hordeum pamiricum. Vavilov nom. inval. Hordeum parvum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum pensanum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum polystichon. Haller. Hordeum praecox. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum pyramidatum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum revelatumKrn. A. Schulz. Hordeum sativum. Jess. nom. illeg. Hordeum sativum. Pers. Hordeum scabriusculum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum septentrionale. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum stassewitschii. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum strobelense. Chiov. Hordeum taganrocense. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum tanaiticum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum tetrastichum. Stokes. Hordeum transcaucasicum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum violaceum. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Hordeum walpersii. R. E. Regel nom. inval. Secale orientale. Schreb. ex Roth nom. Barley Hordeum vulgare L., a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 1. Barley has been used as animal fodder, as a source of fermentable material for beer and certain distilled beverages, and as a component of various health foods. It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt in a traditional and ancient method of preparation. In 2. 01. 4, barley was ranked fourth among grains in quantity produced 1. EtymologyeditThe Old English word for barley was bre, which traces back to Proto Indo European and is cognate to the Latin word farina flour. The direct ancestor of modern English barley in Old English was the derived adjective brlic, meaning of barley. The first citation of the form brlic in the Oxford English Dictionary dates to around 9. CE, in the compound word brlic croft. The underived word bre survives in the north of Scotland as bere, and refers to a specific strain of six row barley grown there. The word barn, which originally meant barley house, is also rooted in these words. Biologyedit. The cross section of a barley root. Barley is a member of the grass family. It is a self pollinating, diploid species with 1. The wild ancestor of domesticated barley, Hordeum vulgare subsp. Fertile Crescent area of Western Asia and northeast Africa, and is abundant in disturbed habitats, roadsides and orchards. Outside this region, the wild barley is less common and is usually found in disturbed habitats. However, in a study of genome wide diversity markers, Tibet was found to be an additional center of domestication of cultivated barley. DomesticationeditWild barley has a brittle spike upon maturity, the spikelets separate, facilitating seed dispersal. Domesticated barley has nonshattering spikes, making it much easier to harvest the mature ears. The nonshattering condition is caused by a mutation in one of two tightly linked genes known as Bt. Bt. 2 many cultivars possess both mutations. The nonshattering condition is recessive, so varieties of barley that exhibit this condition are homozygous for the mutant allele. Two row and six row barleyedit. Two row and six row barley. Spikelets are arranged in triplets which alternate along the rachis. In wild barley and other Old World species of Hordeum, only the central spikelet is fertile, while the other two are reduced. This condition is retained in certain cultivars known as two row barleys. A pair of mutations one dominant, the other recessive result in fertile lateral spikelets to produce six row barleys. Recent genetic studies have revealed that a mutation in one gene, vrs. Two row barley has a lower protein content than six row barley, thus a more fermentable sugar content. High protein barley is best suited for animal feed. Malting barley is usually lower protein1. Two row barley is traditionally used in English ale style beers. Six row barley is common in some American lager style beers, especially when adjuncts such as corn and rice are used, whereas two row malted summer barley is preferred for traditional German beers. Hulless barleyeditHulless or naked barley Hordeum vulgare L. Hook. f. is a form of domesticated barley with an easier to remove hull. Naked barley is an ancient food crop, but a new industry has developed around uses of selected hulless barley to increase the digestible energy of the grain, especially for swine and poultry. Hulless barley has been investigated for several potential new applications as whole grain, and for its value added products. These include bran and flour for multiple food applications. Non hulless barley grains. Hulless barley grains. ClassificationeditIn traditional classifications of barley, these morphological differences have led to different forms of barley being classified as different species. Under these classifications, two rowed barley with shattering spikes wild barley is classified as Hordeum spontaneum. K. Koch. Two rowed barley with nonshattering spikes is classified as H. L., six row barley with nonshattering spikes as H. L. or H. hexastichum L., and six row with shattering spikes as H. Because these differences were driven by single gene mutations, coupled with cytological and molecular evidence, most recent classifications treat these forms as a single species, H. L. 3CultivarseditVocabulary. DON Acronym for deoxynivalenol, a toxic byproduct of Fusarium head blight, also known as vomitoxin. Heading date A parameter in barley cultivation1. Lodging The bending over of the stems near ground level. Nutans A designation for a variety with a lax ear, as opposed to erectum with an erect earQCC A pathotype of stem rust Puccinia graminis f. Rachilla The part of a spikelet that bears the florets, the length of the rachilla hairs is a characteristic of barley varieties. CultivarsAzure, a six rowed, blue aleurone malting barley released in 1. Beacon, a six rowed malting barley with rough awns, short rachilla hairs and colorless aleurone, it was released in 1. North Dakota State University NDSUbarley that had resistance to loose smut. Bere, a six row barley, is currently cultivated mainly on 5 1. Orkney, Scotland. Two additional parcels on the island of Islay, Scotland, were planted in 2.